Webaccess Tool tester

Section 1: Structure and Semantics

Page Title
Key Errors:
1. Missing Text in the <title> Tag:
  - The <title> element is present but contains no text.
  - Violates WCAG 2.4.2 (Markup Correct Markup and Meaningful Text).
2. Title Not Updated for Dynamic Content:
  - The page content changes dynamically using JavaScript, but the <title> does not update when the page's purpose changes (i.e., when clicking the button to load new content).
  - Violates WCAG 2.4.2 (Dynamic Pages).
3. Inaccurate or Non-Informative Title:
  - The <title> is either empty or does not reflect the content of the page.
  - Violates WCAG 2.4.2 (Accurate and Informative Title).
4. Mismatch Between Heading and Title:
  - The main <h1> heading is "Accessibility Test: Page Title Errors", but the <title> is empty or missing, so they do not match or align.
  - Violates best practice (Match Heading).
5. No Unique or Concise Title:
  - The title should be concise and unique, but in this case, it’s missing entirely or is generic, which is bad for users navigating multiple tabs or pages.
  - Violates best practice (Concise and Unique).
Areas of Testing: Correct Markup: Ensure that the <title> element is present and contains valid text. Meaningful Text: Check whether the title is informative and accurate regarding the page's content. Dynamic Updates: Verify if the title updates when the page content or context changes dynamically. Unique and Concise: Ensure the page's title is unique across pages and concise for users. Title-Heading Consistency: Verify that the <title> matches or closely resembles the top-level heading (<h1>) on the page.
WCAG Language and Heading Test
Key Errors:
1. Page Language (lang="en"): The page is set to English using the two-character ISO 639-1 code in the <html> tag, which complies with WCAG 3.1.1.
2. Inline Language Change (lang="fr"): A span inside a paragraph demonstrates an inline language change to French, marked with lang="fr" as required by WCAG 3.1.2.
3. Heading Structure:
  - A proper hierarchy of headings (<h1>, <h2>, <h3>) is used, which supports assistive technologies in bypassing blocks of content and creating a meaningful outline.
  - An example of incorrect heading structure is included, showing a skipped heading level (<h5> after <h3>), which is a violation of the best practice for consecutive levels.
  - Text that looks like a heading (via styling) but is not marked as a heading shows improper usage.
4. Concise and Informative Headings: All headings are concise and informative, clearly describing the content that follows them.
5. Dynamic Title Update: Demonstrates how the page title updates dynamically when triggered by a user action, complying with WCAG 2.4.2 for dynamic content.
WCAG Landmark and List Errors Example
Key Errors:
1. Landmarks to Bypass Blocks of Content:
  - No Skip Link: The page lacks a skip link, violating the WCAG requirement to allow users to bypass blocks of repetitive content.
2. Multiple Header Landmarks Without Distinguishable Names:
  - Two <header> elements are both marked with role="banner", but neither has a distinguishable aria-label or aria-labelledby attribute, which violates the best practice of uniquely naming landmarks when there are multiple instances.
3. Missing Main Content Landmark:
  - The <main> landmark is missing for the main content section, making it harder for screen readers to identify the primary content.
4. Incorrect List Markup:
  - The list items inside the <ul> are incorrectly marked with <span> instead of <li>, violating the WCAG requirement for appropriate semantic markup for lists.
5. Multiple Footer Landmarks:
  - The page contains two <footer> elements both marked with role="contentinfo", which is against the best practice of only having one instance of the <footer> or role="contentinfo" landmark.
6. Missing Landmark for Navigation:
  - A <nav> element is used for navigation, but it is missing a role="navigation" or an aria-label, which would help screen readers identify it as a landmark.
WCAG Table Errors Example
Key Errors:
1. Missing <th> for Header Tags: The first table uses <td> elements instead of <th> for the headers, violating WCAG 1.3.1.
2. Missing scope Attributes: The second table has header cells marked with <th>, but they are missing the scope="col" or scope="row" attributes to indicate their relationship to the data cells.
3. Incorrect Header and Data Cell Associations: In the third table, the data cells under "Warehouse 1" and "Warehouse 2" are not properly associated with their corresponding headers.
4. Layout Table with Headers: The last table is being used for layout purposes (Contact Us info) but incorrectly uses <th> elements, which should not appear in layout tables.
WCAG Semantic Elements Errors Example
Key Errors:
1. Emphasis with Styling Alone: The first paragraph uses only visual styling (font-weight: bold) for emphasis instead of using semantic elements like <em> or <strong>. This violates the best practice that emphasis should be conveyed semantically.
2. Highlighting without <mark>: The second paragraph highlights text using a yellow background but does not use the <mark> element, which is recommended for semantic highlighting.
3. Using <blockquote> for Indentation: The third section uses <blockquote> solely for visual indentation, which is incorrect because <blockquote> should only be used for actual block-level quotations.
4. Inline Quote with <q> Only: The inline quote in the fourth paragraph is only marked up with the <q> tag. Some screen readers and browsers may not fully support this element, so supplemental text is required.
5. Strikethrough without <del>: The strikethrough text in the fifth paragraph is applied with the <s> element for visual styling, but it should use <del> to convey the meaning of the strikethrough.
6. Inserted Text without <ins>: The sixth paragraph uses underlined text to indicate insertion, but it should be marked with the <ins> element to semantically represent new or inserted text.

Section 2: Links and Navigation

Accessibility Testing: Links Errors Example
Key Errors:
1. Link Without href or role="link": The first "link" is a <span> element styled like a link but missing proper semantic markup (<a> or role="link").
2. Links Used for Button-like Functionality: The second link uses an anchor tag (<a>) for form submission, which should be a button element instead.
3. Unclear Link Purpose: The third link has generic text like "Click here," which doesn't explain its purpose clearly.
4. Inconsistent Link Text for the Same Destination: Links to the same destination have different text ("More Info" and "Details").
5. Links Opening in a New Tab Without Indication: The fifth link opens in a new tab but does not inform the user about this behavior.
6. Link to Non-HTML File Without File Type Indication: The sixth link points to a PDF file but does not mention that it leads to a PDF.
7. No Visual Focus Indicator: The seventh link does not visually indicate focus when navigated to via keyboard.
8. Using tabindex with a Positive Value: The eighth link incorrectly uses a tabindex value of 1, which can disrupt the natural tab order.
9. Link Text Includes "Link": The ninth link text states "Link to Example," which is unnecessary as screen readers already announce links.
10. Link Only Differentiated by Color: The last link is distinguished from surrounding text by color alone, with insufficient contrast and no other indicators like underlines.
11. Missing Skip Navigation: The page lacks a "skip to content" link, making it harder for keyboard users to bypass blocks of content.
Accessibility Testing: Navigation Errors Example
Key Errors:
1. Inconsistent Navigation Order: The order of navigation links differs between the first and second <nav> elements, violating the requirement that navigation must appear in the same relative order across all pages (WCAG 3.2.3).
2. Missing "You Are Here" Indicator: No visual or non-visual indicator is provided to inform users which page they are currently on (Best practice).
3. Missing Skip Link: There is no method to bypass repeated blocks of content, such as a "skip to content" link, violating the requirement to allow users to bypass blocks of content (WCAG 2.4.1).
4. Inconsistent Help Links: The help link is presented differently in the footer and across different pages, violating the consistency rule (WCAG 3.2.4).
5. Lack of Multiple Navigation Methods: There are no additional navigation methods like a site map, search functionality, or table of contents, violating the rule requiring multiple ways to navigate the site (WCAG 2.4.5).
6. Tabindex Misuse: The use of tabindex with positive values creates an illogical focus order, which can confuse users when navigating with a keyboard (WCAG 2.4.3).
7. No Visible Skip Link: Although there is a "Skip to content" link, it’s not visible at all times or when it receives keyboard focus (Best practice).
8. Unclear Page Structure: There’s no table of contents or proper heading structure to reflect the content, making it harder for users to navigate the page (Best practice).

Section 3: Images and Visual Design

WCAG Image Test
Key Errors:
1. No alt text for an informative image (<img src="informative.jpg" />).
  - Informative images must have alt text.
2. Alternative text too long (alt="A beautiful sunset over the mountains...").
  - Alt text should be concise (ideally no more than 250 characters).
3. Redundant alt text (alt="Icon of a bell").
  - Alt text should not restate that the element is an image or icon.
4. Decorative image with non-empty alt text (alt="A decorative border around the image").
  - Decorative images should use null alt text (alt="").
5. Complex image without extended description (alt="A complex flowchart...").
  - Complex images require a more detailed description outside of the alt text.
6. Informative background image without text (background-image: url('info-bg.jpg')).
  - Informative background images must be paired with alternative text or visible text.
7. Image of text instead of using real text (alt="Welcome to Our Website").
  - Avoid using images of text unless essential (like a logo).
8. Active background image without an accessible name (background-image: url('active-bg.jpg')).
  - Active background images need an accessible name (e.g., aria-label).
9. CAPTCHA image without alt text.
  - CAPTCHA images need alt text describing their purpose.
10. CAPTCHA without a sensory alternative (alt="Enter the characters shown in the image.").
  - Image CAPTCHA must provide a sensory alternative, such as an auditory method.
Color and Contrast WCAG Test
Key Errors:
1. Small Text Contrast Error:
  - .low-contrast-small uses a color #999 (light gray) on a white background. The contrast ratio is less than 4.5:1 for text smaller than 18pt, violating WCAG 1.4.3.
2. Large Text Contrast Error:
  - .low-contrast-large uses a color #ccc (very light gray) on a white background. The contrast ratio is less than 3:1 for large text (20px bold), violating WCAG 1.4.3.
3. UI Component Contrast Error:
  - The button with .low-contrast-button has insufficient contrast between the button and the background (#ddd on white), violating WCAG 1.4.11.
4. Focus Indicator Contrast Error:
  - .low-contrast-focus:focus uses a light border (#ddd) for focus indication, which does not meet the 3:1 contrast ratio requirement for focus indicators, violating WCAG 1.4.11.
5. Color Information Error:
  - The text "Error" in the <span class="status"> is only indicated by color (red), violating WCAG 1.4.1, which requires a programmatically discernible alternative.
6. Mobile Zoom Prevention:
  - The <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=no"> prevents zooming on mobile devices, violating WCAG 1.4.4, which requires users to be able to zoom.
Visual Cues and Responsive Output Test
Key Errors:
1. Visual Meaning by Location:
  - The .error-message class uses position: absolute to place the error message based on the assumption that users will understand its meaning by its location only. This violates WCAG 1.3.3, which requires meaning to be conveyed without relying solely on visual cues like shape or position.
2. Label Proximity Issue:
  - The label and input are too far apart due to excessive margin (50px). This breaks the best practice of keeping labels adjacent to their controls for easy visual association.
3. Multiple Focal Points:
  - The .focal-point class is used multiple times, creating conflicting visual emphasis points, which goes against the best practice of having one primary visual focal point.
4. Orientation Restriction:
  - The CSS media query hides the entire page content when viewed in landscape mode, violating WCAG 1.3.4, which mandates that content must not be restricted to a single display orientation unless essential.
5. Scrolling in Two Directions:
  - The .scrolling-issue div is too large (600px in both width and height), forcing both horizontal and vertical scrolling on smaller screens, violating WCAG 1.4.10.
6. Non-Responsive Text:
  - The .non-responsive class uses white-space: nowrap, which prevents text from reflowing and forces horizontal scrolling on smaller viewports, violating the requirement for adaptive/responsive text.

Section 4: Multimedia, Animations, and Motion

Audio and Video Accessibility Test
Key Errors:
1. Missing Transcript for Prerecorded Audio:
  - The first <audio> element does not provide a transcript for the audio-only content, violating WCAG 1.2.1.
2. Autoplaying Audio Without Controls:
  - The second <audio> element is set to autoplay and lacks controls to stop, pause, or mute the audio, violating WCAG 2.2.2 and WCAG 1.4.2.
3. Missing Alternative Text or Audio Description for Prerecorded Video-Only Content:
  - The first <video> element represents video-only content but lacks alternative text or an audio description, violating WCAG 1.2.1 and WCAG 1.2.5.
4. Missing Captions for Prerecorded Multimedia:
  - The second <video> element is a multimedia example that does not include captions or an audio description, violating WCAG 1.2.2 and WCAG 1.2.5.
5. Flashing Content:
  - The <div> with the class flashing has an animation that causes it to flash more than three times per second, violating WCAG 2.3.1.
Animation, Motion, and Timed Content Test
Key Errors:
1. Flashing Content:
  - The .flashing div flashes faster than 3 times per second (WCAG 2.3.1).
2. Parallax Effect:
  - The .parallax div has a parallax scrolling effect but is not keyboard accessible (WCAG 2.1.1).
3. Color Contrast:
  - The text inside the .low-contrast-text class has insufficient contrast against the background (WCAG 1.4.3).
  - The button has insufficient color contrast for its background and text (WCAG 1.4.11).
4. Autoplaying Video:
  - The video autoplays without any user controls to stop, pause, or hide it (WCAG 2.2.2).
5. Timed Content:
  - The content in #timed-content disappears after 10 seconds without any user control (WCAG 2.2.1).

Section 5: User Input, Forms, and Dynamic Content

Device-Independent User Input Test
Key Errors:
1. No Visual Focus Indicator (WCAG 2.4.7):
  - The button and a elements have outline: none;, which removes the visual focus indicator.
2. Positive Tabindex Values (Best Practice):
  - The a link has a positive tabindex value (5), which is not recommended.
3. Poor Color Contrast for Focus Indicator (WCAG 1.4.11):
  - The input:focus has a border with insufficient contrast.
4. Small Button Target Size (WCAG 2.5.8):
  - The .small-button element is smaller than 24x24 pixels, violating the target size requirement.
5. Broken Logical Tab Order (WCAG 2.4.3):
  - The tab order for the input fields is illogical (Last Name comes before First Name).
6. No Visual Hover Indicator (Best Practice):
  - The .no-hover-indicator element has no change on hover.
7. Keyboard Trap (WCAG 2.1.2):
  - The script traps the keyboard focus inside the #keyboard-trap div, making it impossible to escape.
8. No Visual Focus on Input Elements (WCAG 2.1.1):
  - The form elements like input and buttons have insufficient focus styles.
Form with Accessibility Issues
Key Errors:
1. Missing programmatic association: Some labels aren't linked with their inputs using the for attribute or the id attribute.
2. Placeholder as the only label: Email field uses a placeholder as the label, which isn't accessible.
3. Sensory dependency in labels: Label for color preference refers to a sensory characteristic (color).
4. Missing labels: The birthdate field and required fields aren't visually or programmatically labeled.
5. Mismatched labels: The label for the phone input does not match the programmatic name.
6. No group label: Radio buttons for gender selection are missing a group label.
7. Missing field instructions: Input restrictions (e.g., age input) are not communicated.
8. Disabled field: There's a disabled field (disabled-field) without proper communication for assistive technologies.
Form with Validation Issues
Key Errors:
1. Missing required field indicators: No visual or programmatic indication of required fields.
2. Lack of real-time validation: Inputs are only checked on form submission.
3. No context-sensitive help: No help for formatting or expected input for email, password, or credit card number.
4. No input restrictions: The credit card number field doesn’t restrict the format (e.g., digits only).
5. No error prevention: There’s no mechanism to confirm, review, or correct data before submission.
6. No suggestions for error correction: When errors are detected, no suggestions for correcting them are provided.
7. Error identification issues: Errors are identified only through alerts, which are not accessible to screen readers.
8. Missing aria-invalid attribute: The form does not use aria-invalid="true" for inputs that fail validation.
9. No success confirmation: There’s no confirmation or feedback message on successful submission, nor any ARIA live region announcements.
Dynamic Content with Accessibility Issues
Key Errors:
1. Focus moved without warning:
  - When the user clicks the "Show Hidden Content" button, focus is automatically shifted to the hidden input field without prior warning. This could confuse users relying on screen readers.
  - Violates WCAG 3.2.1 (Context Changes on Focus) and WCAG 2.4.3 (Keyboard Focus Management).
2. Content change on input without notification:
  - Submitting the form changes the context by redirecting the user to a "thank you" page without warning them, which could disorient users.
  - Violates WCAG 3.2.2 (Content Changes on Input).
3. Pop-up window without prior notice:
  - After form submission, an alert is shown, which could confuse users using screen readers since they receive no prior warning.
  - Violates WCAG 3.2.2 (Content Changes on Input).
4. Lack of feedback for screen readers when content is dynamically added:
  - When the session timer warning appears, it is not announced via ARIA attributes or other mechanisms for screen reader users, leaving them unaware of important information.
  - Violates WCAG 1.3.2 (Finding Added Content).
5. No option to extend the session:
  - The session timer simply expires after 10 seconds without giving the user the option to save their data or extend the session.
  - Violates WCAG 2.2.1 (Session Timeout – Timing Adjustable).
6. Keyboard focus is lost or moved incorrectly:
  - The focus is moved without explanation or context, and if there were more interactive elements after the hidden content, the user could lose focus.
  - Violates WCAG 2.4.3 (No Lost Focus).
Area of testing Keyboard and Focus Management: Test if focus moves unexpectedly or without proper notification. Dynamic Content Detection: Check if dynamic content is announced to screen readers. Form Submission Handling: Look for proper feedback, error prevention, and context changes during form submission. Timers and Session Handling: Ensure that users are notified of timeouts with options to extend.
Custom Widgets with ARIA Errors
Key Errors:
1. Missing Accessible Names:
  - The toggle button lacks an accessible name using aria-label or aria-labelledby. Screen readers cannot identify the purpose of the button properly.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.2 (Name of Interactive UI Elements).
2. Incorrect ARIA Role and Attributes:
  - The custom slider is missing an appropriate role (e.g., role="slider") and the aria-valuenow state is not being announced or updated properly.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.2 (Role and Value specification).
3. Missing ARIA Live Regions:
  - When the dynamic content is shown or hidden, there is no aria-live region to announce these changes to screen readers.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.3 (Dynamic changes in state must be communicated).
4. Incorrect Use of aria-expanded:
  - The aria-expanded attribute is not updated correctly when toggling the accordion, which can confuse screen reader users.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.2 (ARIA state changes).
5. Lack of Accessible Name for Static Semantic Elements:
  - The <iframe> lacks a title or aria-label attribute, making it inaccessible to users relying on assistive technologies.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.2 (Name of Static Semantic Elements).
6. Lack of Keyboard Support for Custom Widgets:
  - The custom slider widget has no proper keyboard support, making it difficult for users to interact with it using only the keyboard.
  - Violates WCAG 2.4.3 (Keyboard Focus Management).
7. No Feedback for State Changes:
  - There is no feedback provided via aria-live regions for important dynamic updates, such as toggling visibility or adjusting the slider value.
  - Violates WCAG 4.1.3 (Non-ARIA State Changes).
Area of testing Interactive Elements and Accessible Names: Ensure every interactive element has a proper accessible name. Dynamic Content Announcement: Test for proper announcements via aria-live regions when dynamic content changes. ARIA State Changes: Check if ARIA attributes are correctly updated based on user interaction. Keyboard Support for Widgets: Verify that custom widgets are fully operable via the keyboard.
CAPTCHA Accessibility Errors
Key Errors:
1. Missing Text Alternative for CAPTCHA Image:
  - The CAPTCHA image does not have a proper alt attribute describing its purpose, nor is there any text-based description or alternative.
  - Violates WCAG 1.1.1 (Text Alternative Describing The Purpose).
2. No Sensory Alternative for CAPTCHA:
  - The CAPTCHA does not provide an alternative method for users who cannot see or hear the CAPTCHA, nor does it inform the user of such an alternative.
  - Violates WCAG 1.1.1 (Sensory Alternative).
3. Poor Color Contrast:
  - The visual elements of the CAPTCHA image have poor color contrast, making it difficult for users with low vision to see.
  - Violates WCAG 1.4.3 (Contrast (Minimum)).
4. Lack of Keyboard Accessibility:
  - The CAPTCHA input field does not handle keyboard accessibility requirements, such as proper focus management and interactive element behavior.
  - Violates Device-Independent User Input requirements (Multiple).
5. No Dynamic Content Handling:
  - The CAPTCHA submission does not provide proper feedback or handling for dynamic content, which is essential for users interacting with CAPTCHA elements.
  - Violates Dynamic Content requirements (Multiple).
6. No Custom Widget Accessibility:
  - The CAPTCHA does not conform to custom widget requirements, such as providing proper ARIA roles and properties.
  - Violates Custom Widgets requirements (Multiple).
Area of testing Text Alternatives: Ensure that CAPTCHA elements have appropriate text alternatives or descriptive information. Sensory Alternatives: Test for alternative methods for users who cannot perceive the primary CAPTCHA. Color Contrast: Verify that visual elements meet color contrast requirements. Keyboard Accessibility: Ensure CAPTCHA inputs and controls are fully keyboard accessible. Dynamic Content: Check for proper handling of dynamic content and feedback in CAPTCHA scenarios. Custom Widgets: Verify that custom CAPTCHA widgets conform to ARIA and accessibility best practices.

Webaccess Tool tester

Section 1: Structure and Semantics

Section 2: Links and Navigation

Section 3: Images and Visual Design

Section 4: Multimedia, Animations, and Motion

Section 5: User Input, Forms, and Dynamic Content

Area of testing

Area of testing

Area of testing